MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for N-Acetylthreonine (MMDBc0000488)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-12-10 18:38:54 UTC

Update Date

2022-08-31 06:07:02 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000488

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

N-Acetylthreonine

Description

N-Acetyl-L-threonine (or N-Acetylthreonine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-Acetylthreonine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-Acetylthreonine is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-threonine. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618 ). About 85% of all human proteins and 68% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686 ). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT‚Äôs (PMID: 30054468 ). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468 ). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylthreonine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618 ). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free threonine can also occur. Excessive amounts N-acetyl amino acids including N-acetylthreonine (as well as N-acetylglycine, N-acetylserine, N-acetylmethionine, N-acetylglutamate, N-acetylalanine, N-acetylleucine and smaller amounts of N-acetylglutamine, N-acetylisoleucine, and N-acetylvaline) can be detected in the urine with individuals with acylase I deficiency, a genetic disorder (PMID: 16465618 ). Aminoacylase I is a soluble homodimeric zinc binding enzyme that catalyzes the formation of free aliphatic amino acids from N-acetylated precursors. In humans, Aminoacylase I is encoded by the aminoacylase 1 gene (ACY1) on chromosome 3p21 that consists of 15 exons (OMIM 609924 ). Individuals with aminoacylase I deficiency will experience convulsions, hearing loss and difficulty feeding (PMID: 16465618 ). ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. Many N-acetylamino acids, including N-acetylthreonine are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986 ; PMID: 20613759 ). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557 ). N-Acetylthreonine has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212 ).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
Ammonium N-acetyl-L-threoninate	HMDB
Methylammonium N-acetyl-L-threoninate	HMDB
N-Acetyl-L-threonine	HMDB
N-Acetylthreonine	MeSH

Molecular Formula

C₆H₁₁NO₄

Average Mass

161.1558

Monoisotopic Mass

161.068807845

IUPAC Name

(2S,3R)-2-acetamido-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

Traditional Name

(2S,3R)-2-acetamido-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

CAS Registry Number

Not Available

SMILES

C[C@@H](O)[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H11NO4/c1-3(8)5(6(10)11)7-4(2)9/h3,5,8H,1-2H3,(H,7,9)(H,10,11)/t3-,5+/m1/s1

InChI Key

PEDXUVCGOLSNLQ-WUJLRWPWSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-l-alpha-amino acids. These are n-acylated alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

N-acyl-l-alpha-amino acid
Beta-hydroxy acid
Short-chain hydroxy acid
Hydroxy acid
Fatty acid
Acetamide
Carboxamide group
Secondary alcohol
Secondary carboxylic acid amide
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic nitrogen compound
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Alcohol
Carbonyl group
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

L-threonine derivative (CHEBI:45826 )
N-acetyl-L-amino acid (CHEBI:45826 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	179 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.92	ALOGPS
logP	-1.4	ChemAxon
logS	0.04	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.74	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-1.9	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	86.63 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	35.9 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	15.14 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Chromatographic Retention Times and Retention Indices

Retention Times

Not Available

Retention Indices

Not Available

Chromatographic Retention Times and Retention Indices

Retention Times

Not Available

Retention Indices

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biospecimen Locations

Feces
Placenta

Tissue Locations

Placenta

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Microbial Pathways

Pathways

Not Available

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

This table shows at most 20 reactions. For the full list of associated reactions:

See All Associated Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Firmicutes	3		Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen

Exposure Sources

Other Exposures

Source Type	Data Source	Reference

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified				HMDB
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0062557

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

Not Available

KEGG Compound ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

152204

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

45826

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

CMMC Knowledgebase

Not Available

General References

Sass JO, Mohr V, Olbrich H, Engelke U, Horvath J, Fliegauf M, Loges NT, Schweitzer-Krantz S, Moebus R, Weiler P, Kispert A, Superti-Furga A, Wevers RA, Omran H: Mutations in ACY1, the gene encoding aminoacylase 1, cause a novel inborn error of metabolism. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Mar;78(3):401-9. doi: 10.1086/500563. Epub 2006 Jan 18. [PubMed:16465618 ]
Vanholder R, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Cohen G, Glorieux G, Jankowski J: A bench to bedside view of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 May;19(5):863-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007121377. Epub 2008 Feb 20. [PubMed:18287557 ]
Toyohara T, Akiyama Y, Suzuki T, Takeuchi Y, Mishima E, Tanemoto M, Momose A, Toki N, Sato H, Nakayama M, Hozawa A, Tsuji I, Ito S, Soga T, Abe T: Metabolomic profiling of uremic solutes in CKD patients. Hypertens Res. 2010 Sep;33(9):944-52. doi: 10.1038/hr.2010.113. Epub 2010 Jul 8. [PubMed:20613759 ]
Van Damme P, Hole K, Pimenta-Marques A, Helsens K, Vandekerckhove J, Martinho RG, Gevaert K, Arnesen T: NatF contributes to an evolutionary shift in protein N-terminal acetylation and is important for normal chromosome segregation. PLoS Genet. 2011 Jul;7(7):e1002169. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002169. Epub 2011 Jul 7. [PubMed:21750686 ]
Tanaka H, Sirich TL, Plummer NS, Weaver DS, Meyer TW: An Enlarged Profile of Uremic Solutes. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0135657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135657. eCollection 2015. [PubMed:26317986 ]
Ree R, Varland S, Arnesen T: Spotlight on protein N-terminal acetylation. Exp Mol Med. 2018 Jul 27;50(7):1-13. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0116-z. [PubMed:30054468 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Showing metabocard for N-Acetylthreonine (MMDBc0000488)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x0000560bdf998270>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x0000560bdf998270>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x0000560bdf998270>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x0000560bdf998270>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x0000560bdf998270>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x0000560bdf998270>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x0000560bdf998270>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x0000560bdf998270>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x0000560bdf998270>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x0000560bdf998270>