MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Galactose (MMDBc0033129)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2021-11-19 04:35:56 UTC

Update Date

2022-12-15 22:51:53 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0033129

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Galactose

Description

Galactose belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity. Conversely, however, the ways in which galactose is commonly used in therapeutic agents generally do not rely upon such pharmacodynamics, even though they ultimately remain the most important ways in which galactose exerts or elicits useful biological actions for the human body. Galactose is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Galactose may be a unique S. cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite. In humans, galactose is involved in galactose metabolism. The primary pathway for galactose metabolism is called the Leloir pathway, so named after Luis Federico Leloir. Regardless, although it is predominantly used as a pathway to generate glucose fuel for the human body, galactose is involved as an ingredient in some commonly used vaccines and non-prescription products. This ultimately allows the mutants to form smooth-type LPS with O-specific side chains . It is typically uncommon to experience an overdosage situation with dietary galactose or from galactose as an ingredient in a therapeutic agent.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 20-MAR-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    MOLECULE: ChEBI                                             
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   20-MAR-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0      11.660  -2.674   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      10.930  -4.031   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      11.741  -5.347   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      11.011  -6.703   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      11.822  -8.019   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      11.092  -9.375   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0      10.863  -1.381   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0       9.391  -4.071   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0      13.280  -5.306   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0       9.472  -6.743   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0      13.361  -7.978   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   12  O   UNK     0       9.553  -9.416   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    7    2                                                       
CONECT    2    1    8    3                                                  
CONECT    3    2    9    4                                                  
CONECT    4    3   10    5                                                  
CONECT    5    4   11    6                                                  
CONECT    6    5   12                                                       
CONECT    7    1                                                            
CONECT    8    2                                                            
CONECT    9    3                                                            
CONECT   10    4                                                            
CONECT   11    5                                                            
CONECT   12    6                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   12    0   22    0
END

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal	ChEBI
Galactopyranose	MeSH
D Galactose	MeSH
D-Galactose	MeSH
Galactopyranoside	MeSH

Molecular Formula

C₆H₁₂O₆

Average Mass

180.1559

Monoisotopic Mass

180.063388116

IUPAC Name

(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal

Traditional Name

aldehydo-D-galactose

CAS Registry Number

2956-16-3

SMILES

OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6-/m0/s1

InChI Key

GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-KCDKBNATSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Hexoses

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Hexose monosaccharide
Medium-chain aldehyde
Beta-hydroxy aldehyde
Alpha-hydroxyaldehyde
Secondary alcohol
Polyol
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Carbonyl group
Aldehyde
Alcohol
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

aldehydo-galactose (CHEBI:17118 )
D-galactose (CHEBI:17118 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	261 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.4	ALOGPS
logP	-3.6	ChemAxon
logS	0.16	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	12.26	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	5	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	118.22 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	37.35 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	16.13 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Chromatographic Retention Times and Retention Indices

Retention Times

Not Available

Retention Indices

Not Available

Chromatographic Retention Times and Retention Indices

Retention Times

Not Available

Retention Indices

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Liver
Platelet
Urine

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Microbial Pathways

Pathways

Not Available

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

This table shows at most 20 reactions. For the full list of associated reactions:

See All Associated Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	1	Human feces	Unknown

Exposure Sources

Other Exposures

Source Type	Data Source	Reference

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human	Detected and Quantified	2.008	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human	Detected but not Quantified					HMDB
Human Liver	Detected but not Quantified		Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Platelet	Detected but not Quantified		Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597

External Links

HMDB ID

Not Available

DrugBank ID

DB11735

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00019681

Chemspider ID

Not Available

KEGG Compound ID

C01582

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Galactose

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

3037556

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

17118

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

CMMC Knowledgebase

Not Available

General References

Matsukura Y: On the blood group B gene-specified alpha-galactosyltransferase in the serum of the Japanese tortoise (Clemmys japonica). Immunology. 1976 Oct;31(4):571-5. [PubMed:977033 ]
Matsukura Y: Alpha-galactosyltransferase activity in the serum of frogs (Rana catesbeiana). Z Immunitatsforsch Immunobiol. 1976 Nov;152(3):260-5. [PubMed:1087514 ]
Holton JB: Galactose disorders: an overview. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1990;13(4):476-86. doi: 10.1007/BF01799505. [PubMed:2122114 ]
Ng WG, Xu YK, Kaufman FR, Donnell GN: Deficit of uridine diphosphate galactose in galactosaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1989;12(3):257-66. doi: 10.1007/BF01799215. [PubMed:2515367 ]
Segal S: Defective galactosylation in galactosemia: is low cell UDPgalactose an explanation? Eur J Pediatr. 1995;154(7 Suppl 2):S65-71. doi: 10.1007/BF02143806. [PubMed:7671968 ]
Keevill NJ, Holton JB, Allen JT: UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose concentrations in cultured skin fibroblasts of patients with classical galactosaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1994;17(1):23-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00735392. [PubMed:8051935 ]
Hoffmeister KM, Josefsson EC, Isaac NA, Clausen H, Hartwig JH, Stossel TP: Glycosylation restores survival of chilled blood platelets. Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1531-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1085322. [PubMed:12970565 ]

Showing metabocard for Galactose (MMDBc0033129)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f1240a84770>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f1240a84770>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f1240a84770>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f1240a84770>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f1240a84770>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f1240a84770>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f1240a84770>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f1240a84770>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f1240a84770>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f1240a84770>